social identity theory

Social Categorization: This refers to the process of classifying people, including oneself, into different groups. This helps individuals define their place in society and understand the behavior of others.
Social Identification: This involves adopting the identity of the group we have categorized ourselves as belonging to. If someone strongly identifies with a group, they are likely to adopt the norms, behaviors, and attitudes of that group.
Social Comparison: This is the process of comparing our groups with other groups, seeing a favorable bias toward the group to which we belong. This comparison is crucial for building a sense of self-esteem.
Positive Distinctiveness: Members of a group seek to achieve a positive self-concept, leading them to seek positive distinctiveness for their group in comparison to others. This can result in prejudice and discrimination against those perceived to be in the out-group.